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微小RNA(microRNA或miRNA), 是广泛存在于多细胞生物及其病毒的一类由22个左右核苷酸组成的内源性非编码RNA, 具有转录后水平上的基因表达调控功能。本文在淡水枝角水蚤的全基因组序列的基础上, 通过生物信息学方法对淡水枝角水蚤(Daphnia pulex) miRNA进行了发掘, 得到miRNA前体(pre-miRNA) 252个、可编码262个功能miRNA; 发现了6个miRNA簇。8号染色体miRNA的出现频率显著高于其他染色体, 而4号染色体miRNA频率明显显著较低。通过与几种两侧对称动物的聚类分析将pre-miRNA归为191个miRNA家族, 其中105个家族为淡水枝角水蚤所特有, 15个家族为节肢动物门特有。在几种两侧对称动物中, 淡水枝角水蚤的miRNA与果蝇最为相似。 相似文献
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Chuxia LIN Yonggui WU Wenzhou LU Aisheng CHEN Yong LIU 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):39-40
Field and laboratory work was carded out to investigate the chemistry and ecotoxicity of stream water affected by acid mine drainage in a tributary catchment of the Pearl River in subtropical China during a major flood event that corresponded to a return period of 100 years occurred in the study area. The results indicate that stream water was affected by acid mine drainage from the Dabaoshan Mine at least to a distance of 25 km downstream of the mine water discharge point. It appears that sulfide-H^＋ from the waste rock dumps was readily available for discharging and the amount of H^＋ being transported outwards depended on the volume of out-flowing waters. However, there was a lag time for the discharge of the metals. This may be attributed to the slower release of metals, relative to H^＋, because it might take more time for the dissolution of heavy metal-bearing compounds. Fe, Zn and Al were the major metals of potential toxicity contained in the AMD-affected stream water, followed by Mn, Cu, Pb, As, Cd and Ni. Acute toxicity tests show that the AMD-affected stream water at 3.5 km downstream of the discharge point was highly toxic to the test organisms. 相似文献
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The population dynamics and distribution of Daphnia pulicaria were studied in Lake Constance (Lower Lake). This Daphnia was absent in the year 2004, absent during most part of the year 2005 and absent in spring 2007 but present from November 2005 to July 2006. Abundance was high from January to late May of the year 2006; maximum abundance was 95,000 ind. m−2 (30 May). Males and ephippial females were observed in January and late May. Ovigerous females constituted between 30% and 70% of adult females from November 2005 to April 2006; in June and July their percentage decreased to <20%. Mean number of eggs per egg-bearing female ranged between 2 (in November 2005) and 9.8 (in April 2006) and maximum egg number was 20. Birth and growth rates were low (generally <0.15); death rate was highest in June (0.275). Females of D. pulicaria were larger than females of Daphnia galeata/hyalina but carried somewhat fewer eggs. D. pulicaria generally preferred the deep cool water layers. The species was abundant in the northern parts of the Lower Lake (Gnadensee and Zeller See), rare in the southern parts (Rheinsee) and absent in the Upper Lake. We conclude that the life history and occurrence of large-bodied D. pulicaria in Lake Constance can be governed by fish predation pressure. This suggestion is supported by analyses of stomach contents from Coregonus lavaretus; stomachs contained high proportions of D. pulicaria in the first half of the year 2006. The disappearance of D. pulicaria in early summer and the comparatively low proportion of adults for most part of the investigation period also indicate that fish predation is involved in the dynamics of this Daphnia. The preference for deep cool water can be strategy to reduce predation risk. The low density of D. pulicaria in the southern basin of Lower Lake (Rheinsee) may be explained by the influence of the Rhine River which flows through this basin. 相似文献
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实验用食物浓度差减法研究了太湖长刺潘(Daphnia longispina)对浮游植物的摄食率及影响因素.在食物为原位湖水中的浮游植物,温度为20℃,光照为2.98×103 lux(光暗比12:12)条件下,测得长刺潘对水柱中浮游植物的摄食率为0.0011-0.0245μg/(ind·h).长刺溞摄食率随其种群密度增大而先增后降,呈良好抛物线分布(R2为0.8836).长刺溞摄食率随食物浓度的增加而增大,呈良好的线性关系(R2=0.8586).长刺溞在黑暗条件下的摄食率高于光照条件下(P<0.05,t检验).长刺溞可有选择性地摄食栅列藻和小环藻等,选择指数分别为0.5425、0.5079,而对丝藻的选择指数为-0.7039. 相似文献
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枝角类溞会由于捕食者的存在而发生形态、行为、生活史等的变化.通过为期10 d对太湖春、夏季优势种同形溞(Daphnia similis)在有幽蚊幼虫(CL)、无幽蚊幼虫(CK)及培养过幽蚊幼虫的过滤水(FL)3个环境水平的模拟实验,发现同形溞在有幽蚊幼虫和培养过幽蚊幼虫的过滤水处理下平均体长、累积产仔数及平均产仔数均显著大于无幽蚊幼虫组,表明幽蚊幼虫释放的信息素能改变同形溞的体长、产仔数等生活史参数,这种改变会降低同形溞被捕食的风险.说明在自然环境下,幽蚊幼虫等无脊椎捕食者能通过直接捕食和信息素的间接作用共同影响枝角类种群. 相似文献
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Cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic freshwater systems are a worldwide problem, creating adverse effects for many aquatic organisms by producing toxic microcystins and deteriorating water quality. In this study, microcystins (MCs) in Microcystis aeruginosa, and Daphnia magna exposed to M. aeruginosa, were analyzed by HPLC-MS, and the effects of M. aeruginosa on D. magna were investigated. When D. magna was exposed to M. aeruginosa for more than 2 h, Microcystin-LR (MC-LR) was detected. When exposed to 1.5 × 106, 3 × 106, 0.75 × 107, and 1.5 × 107 cell/mL of M. aeruginosa for 96 h, average survival of D. magna for treatments were 23.33%, 33.33%, 13.33%, 16.67%, respectively, which were significantly lower than the average 100% survival in the control group (P < 0.05). The adverse effects of M. aeruginosa on body length, time for the first brood, brood numbers, gross fecundity, lifespan, and population growth of D. magna were density-dependent. These results suggest that the occurrence of M. aeruginosa blooms could strongly inhibit the population growth of D. magna through depression of survival, individual growth and gross fecundity. In the most serious situations, M. aeruginosa blooms could undermine the food web by eliminating filter-feeding zooplankton, which would destroy the ecological balance of aquaculture water bodies. 相似文献
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Differences between males and females in the morphology of the fifth legs were found in stage IV copepodites of Boeckella hamata and in stage V cope‐podites of B. hamata, B. propinqua, B. dilatata, B. triarticulata, and Calamoecia lucasi. There were also sexual differences in overall body size. In B. hamata, B. triarticulata, and B. dilatata, the differences were sufficiently obvious for stage V copepodites to be sexed at low magnifications. The diagnostic features of all stages are described. 相似文献
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C. E. W. Steinberg A. Sturm J. Kelbel S. Kyu Lee N. Hertkorn D. Freitag A. A. Kettrup 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(6):326-332
With a series of substituted anilines, a series of substituted phenols as well as diazinon and tetrabromobisphenol-A alterations of short-term acute toxicity to the waterflea Daphnia magna have been studied in the presence of dissolved humic material (DHM). The results may be categorised as follows: No alteration in acute toxicity occurred with: tetrabromobisphenol-A, o-toluidine, 3,4-dichloroaniline, and pentachlorophenol. Toxicity decreases significantly with: diazinon, 4-chloroaniline, and 4-nitrophenol. Significant toxicity increases were observed with 2,4-dichlorophenol and 2,4,5-trichlorophenol. As demonstrated for diazinon, our study reveals that in the presence of DHM and light the chemical speciation of this chemical is altered and daughter products are produced most likely via photoactive species of DHM. Most probably the toxicity of both the parent and daughter compounds is changed as well. Alterations in acute toxicity of organic chemicals may thus be attributed to the adsorption to DHM as well as to the photoactive species mediated production of daughter products with toxicity different from that of the parent compounds. 相似文献